Hemp seeds are very nutrient-dense. However, CBD can stay in your system for weeks if you're a frequent user. Suddenly, hemp farmers were looking for strains that stay below 0.3% THC but still produce high levels of CBD in the hemp flower. - Direct CBD Online ( offer this for the information only. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. CBD Coconut Oil Tincture is made with all organic ingredients, from organic hemp CBD to organic MCT oil. Don't miss your FREE gift. Hemp also contains terpenes. And they do have protein, about 5 to 9 grams per ounce, McManus notes. 2013;5(4):1417-35. doi:10.3390/nu5041417, Farinon B, Molinari R, Costantini L, Merendino N. The seed of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): nutritional quality and potential functionality for human health and nutrition. Hempseed oil is different from CBD oil. While Receptra Natural CBD undoubtedly has pain-relieving properties, this product is designed to provide extra care to the skin. Estimates from Pew Trusts Stateline say 4,309 acres of hemp in 16 states were destroyed last year alone. Hemp protein is a powder made from the seeds of the hemp plant. The potential health benefits of hemp, therefore, come mainly from its seeds. Hemp normally lingers in the body for 2-5 days, but this varies by individual. Hemp oil has unique properties and health benefits. Alternatively, you can remove the hemp seed shells yourself. What is the recommended daily dose of cannabis seeds? Fiber feeds the good bacteria in your gut microbiome. Hemp seeds are rather oily and high in fat. How long does CBD oil stay in your system? | Weedmaps Storing hemp seeds at high temperatures can have a similar effect. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This is considered an optimal ratio for heart and brain health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2017:121-132. The intention to grow any of these crops is not to grow it for the psychoactive effects. He pointed out that THC varieties of cannabis tend to be in the 15-30% THC range, and 1% THC hemp simply wont offer psychoactive effects. Hemp seeds are grown in many different countries. Proton-pump inhibitors: Should I still be taking this medication? Not Exactly, Hemp Is Finally Legal. Between ages 19 and 50, women should aim for 25 grams of fiber daily and men should aim for 38 grams. CBD stays in your system from 10-40 days depending on your usage and body type. You may feel overwhelmed by the many nut and seed choices. Source: Sensi Seeds. What are the best hemp oil benefits? - Medical News Today They are similar to unsalted sunflower seeds, but the texture is not as hard. Between ages 19 and 50, women should aim for 25 grams of fiber daily and men should aim for 38 grams. 2018;8:1. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000655, Tang CH, Ten Z, Wang XS, Yang XQ. In other words, hemp seeds cannot cause you to fail a drug test, but can they cause you to become high? The key to a long shelf life is storing them in a cool dark place where no light or moisture can enter. It cant make you high. This is, in large part, due to documented value for medical uses in alleviating pain, nausea, and anxiety. The insoluble fiber in hemp seeds has also been linked to a lower risk of diabetes. According to the laws, a hemp plant can be grown, sold, transported, and seized. Do this by laying them on a flat surface, covering with a towel, and running a rolling pin over the seeds to crush them. 2019;305. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109997. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical School experts. Make sure that the seeds are completely broken and particles are no longer visible. Cho KS, Lim YR, Lee K, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee IS. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. They will taste much fresher this way. In the fridge, the hemp seeds can last more than a year while in the freezer, they can easily be stored indefinitely. Put nuts and seeds in a stir-fry. One tablespoon contains 3 g to 4 g of fat. Calcium 0%. Hemp seed derived oil is as preservable as the seeds and can last up to 9 months if remained unopened. Smokable hemp is a new addition to the CBD industry, as the leaves and flowers of the hemp plant are rich in non-psychoactive cannabidiol, a compound which has many therapeutic properties. 3 Ways to Cook Hemp Seeds for Eating - wikiHow Hemp seeds and hemp protein powder also contain a healthy dose of potassium, which helps balance your bodys water and electrolytes. Hemp oil contains healthy nutrients such as: Hemp oil can be used as a cooking oil. A significant amount of crops are testing hot, and its just hurting farmers, said Steentra. A Guide on Hemp Nutrition - Cannabis Training University Most states have legalized cannabis oils, but more are the verge of legalizing them. Sherry Christiansen is a medical writer with a healthcare background. There are several health benefits of hemp protein, which is why people have been eating it for thousands of years. It may also reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack. Hemp seeds contain only 1 gram of fiber in a tablespoon, but 10 grams of protein. J Elem. Taking hemp with cardiac glycosides could slow the heart rate too much. This makes them lower in fiber and other nutrients than whole hemp seeds. Taking CBD items with obscure measures of THC would possibly yield a substantial outcome assuming a lab test was done on a blood test inside this brief timeframe. This ratio is difficult to get in the Western diet. Because hemp contains little THC, it is grown for non-drug use. Nutrients. Why does this matter? They are used to reduce the amount of fluid in the body and lower blood pressure. 2006;54(23):8945-50. doi: 10.1021/jf0619176, Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Oilseed proteins Properties and application as a food ingredient. You have every reason to include these nutrients in your diet while minimizing the chances that you may fail a marijuana drug test. But instead of extracting the oil and the protein out of hemp and selling them separately, why not eat the full seed to get the healthy fats, protein, fiber, and other nutrients they contain all together, as nature intended? Theyre known to inhibit platelet formation, preventing blood clots, which could potentiate anticoagulant medications like warfarin. You can overdo it when it comes to nut and seeds consumption. Get good reads, local deals, and strain spotlights delivered right to your inbox. Cannabis seeds are used to make hemp seed oil. Hemp seeds have a mild, nutty flavor. Three tablespoons of hemp seeds contain about 370 milligrams of potassium, which is twice what youll get from other sources like spinach and oranges. Hemp oil is also called hempseed oil. Here are a few recipes you might enjoy that use hemp and hemp-derived ingredients. It takes approximately three to four months to mature before harvesting. Switzerland: Springer Nature;2020:353-359. Hemp seeds contain so little THC that they are essentially non-psychoactive, which cannot cause you to overeat. L.): nutritional quality and potential functionality for human health and nutrition, Preventive and treatment effects of a hemp seed (, Pilot-scale production and application of microparticulated plant proteins, Physicochemical and functional properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolate, Oilseed proteins Properties and application as a food ingredient. Ive even added them to baked goods, like muffins, or topped pancakes and waffles with them. In both cannabis and marijuana, there are some similarities between the cannabis Sativa and the appearance of plants. Oil does not come from cannabis plants themselves. Sign up now and get a FREE copy of theBest Diets for Cognitive Fitness. Thats going to be a disadvantage to US farmers if we dont go to 1%, said Beegle. By Sherry Christiansen It is best to refrigerate hemp products after opening. It just sort of became a de facto standard, even though it wasnt really based on any kind of science.. She regularly writes about cannabis science and culture for publications like Cannabis Now Magazine, SF Chronicles GreenState, HelloMD, and Big Buds Magazine. For the freshest tasting product, make sure you purchase hemp seeds that come in completely opaque packaging.You should not be able to see the seeds inside the package. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Hemp hearts are not as nutritious as whole hemp seeds. Hemp hearts are seeds that have had the shell removed. How long does hemp protein stay in your system? Hemp is a component of the cannabis plant, and it is a nut, which is why its seeds are edible or used to make milk, oil, cheese substitutes, or protein powders. Hemp is now legal in the U.S., so what does that mean for pot companies? What Does Hemp Seed Do for Your Body? - MedicineNet Plus, theyre a long-lasting kitchen staple that can be used in just about any healthy recipe. Hemp seeds are also rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). They contain anywhere from 3 to 7 grams of protein per ounce, 1 to 3 grams of fiber, and 160 to 200 calories, says registered dietitian Kathy McManus, director of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Womens Hospital. . To clarify, both hemp and marijuana are cannabis, but they differ in their THC content. But since cannabis is still federally illegal, unless you live in a state with a legal cannabis program, growing a plant defined as cannabis (over 0.3% THC) instead of hemp (under 0.3% THC) could mean jail time. Hemp was a prominent crop in the United States until 1937, when the Marihuana Tax Act (and no, that isnt a misspelling; historically, the H or a J spellings are used interchangeably in US legislature) virtually destroyed the industry in North America. When unsalted or untoasted, they can last even longer because salt tends to rancid the seeds early. Another health benefit of hemp protein is that its a natural source of many important vitamins and minerals that your body needs to stay healthy. While using hemp seeds, keep them away from light and heat as much as possible. In addition to the financial risk a farmer takes when growing hemp, hot test results also put them at risk of criminal charges. The oil from the hemp seed is highly nutritious and may be especially helpful for the skin. While it was once believed that nut and seed consumption could lead to diverticulitis, the link is unproven. Cobalamin 0%. This is higher than flax or chia seeds, which contain only around 20% and 18% protein, respectively. Hemp Proteins Hemp is a rich source of plant proteins. According to the Farm Bill, legally, the difference comes down to the amount of THC: Any plant with more than 0.3% THC is considered cannabis, and those with less than 0.3% are considered hemp. After theyve been opened, you can expect hemp seeds to last for about a year if kept in the fridge or freezer. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, while insoluble fiber does not. Hemp seeds contain almost as much protein as soybeans. Both ways provide a great source of nutrition and many health benefits. December 23, 2018. CBD oil is from the medicinal part of the hemp plant, the flower or bud of the plant. The economic, environmental, and humanitarian damage wrought over those years are profoundly tragic. Oil has no psychological properties. In most cases, THC may be detected in the hair for up to 90 days, in the urine for anywhere from three days to a month or more (depending on how frequently the individual uses), in the saliva for up to 48 hours, and in the blood for up to 36 hours. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. If they are opened, their shelf life is reduced to 3-6 months. The genetics [were] at a pretty early stage. Eating nuts and seeds can help you reach those goals while also providing other benefits. Hemp hearts have had the fibrous shell removed. How long does it take for the effects to begin? Hair can store THC for the longest amount of time. Hemp protein powder is a good choice if youre a fan of smoothies. Hemp is also known to slow the heart rate. While hemp is part of the same family as marijuana Cannabis sativa its not the same as marijuana. Hemp, however, contains only trace amounts of THC, the main chemical in the marijuana plant that makes people get "high." IMPROVES HEART HEALTH: Prevention is better than cure and we've all heard that, but how many of us follow it? They are perfect for salad dressings, as they contribute to a rich creaminess. Using it occasionally will clean up your system faster. Hemp hearts are round and have a whitish-green hue with a black center. The human body needs 22 amino acids to function properly. If youre trying to lower your meat intake, you can try incorporating hemp products into your diet. 3 min read Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most popular cannabis compounds to relieve various conditions and symptoms. Researchers have found that eating cannabis seeds does not raise a persons THC levels to a higher level than required for federal drug testing programs. The hemp seed oil has also been shown to lower blood pressure levels. Your email address will NEVER be shared or sold. This is usually an effect that lasts between two and six hours. CBD oil is extracted from the cannabis plant and then combined with a base oil. Lets look at more about this. These essential fatty acids help to maintain good cardiovascular health. 2017;33(2):97-106. doi:10.5487/TR.2017.33.2.097. This has the power to keep your hormone levels in check, keeping you feeling steady and balanced at all times. window.mc4wp = { Chapter 7 - Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) proteins: composition, structure, enzymatic modification, and functional or bioactive properties. Vitamin A 0%. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight lossfrom exercises to build a stronger core to advice on treating cataracts. Higher amounts of THC can produce a high. Then, youre in luck! You can add the seeds to salad, casserole, cereal, baked goods, or smoothie bowls. If you eat more than one or two handfuls of nuts per day, youre adding extra calories maybe too many that can take the place of other healthy foods and add weight, McManus warns. According to the findings of one study, between 91 and 98 percent of the protein present in hemp protein is digestible. These minerals help to keep several parts of your body working properly, in addition to preventing sickness and disease. They are CBD-free but still contain beneficial nutrients, fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Hemp seeds are a good source of protein and fiber. There are many ways that you can incorporate hemp products into your diet. Skin health. Ask your doctor before taking hemp with Lanoxin. Hemp is sometimes confused with marijuana. Oils and Digestion. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. }); Hemp use will take 24-72 hours. Removing the shell makes them more nutritious while keeping the shell makes it a popcorn-like snack. A 30 gram serving (three-tablespoons) of raw hemp seeds contains: Calories: 166 Protein: 9.47 grams Fat: 14.6 grams Carbohydrates: 2.6 grams Fiber: 1.2 grams Sugar: 0.45 grams Hemp seeds. Energy-boosting coffee alternatives: What to know. This makes them a great substitute for animal products, especially since your body cannot produce many of these acids by itself. Hemp is high in fiber and contains natural appetite suppressants, keeping you full for a long time while reducing appetite. CBD Candle Benefits and How do CBD Candles Work. ), Why the Global Rise in Vegan and Plant-Based Eating is No Fad (30x Increase in US Vegans + Other Astounding Vegan Stats). How to Wash Vegetables and Fruits to Remove Pesticides, 11 Banned Foods Americans Should Stop Eating, Why School Lunches in America Are Unhealthy and 10 Ways You Can Take Action to Improve Them. While hemp seeds offer numerous health benefits, there are also a few things to consider if youre adding them to your diet for the first time. This is especially true if you have digestive problems. Some people prefer hemp from Canada for its taste and the strict government restrictions aimed to improve quality. Hemp seeds may not be as popular as flaxseeds, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds, but as youll learn below, theyre tremendously healthy and full of nutrition. Hemp seeds are highly nutritious and may have a number of health benefits. Hemp will not usually appear on drug tests because it does not have THC. Hemp-based products, such as body care, food, and textile products, mostly used fiber or seeds, and genetic varieties of hemp aimed at those products rarely produced hot resultshemp over the 0.3% THC limit. In the case of hemp extract, for example, CBD oil has an approximately 10% chance of failing drug tests on moderate doses of CBD, and this is due to individual differences in the way THC is absorbed and metabolized. forms : { Can CBD show up on a drug test? | Populum Stories Hemp can be used in many ways. 2 tablespoons of seeds contain 100 to 115 calories. History shows that hemp seeds as a food source go back thousands of years. Unfortunately, theres very little scientific research available on the benefits of hemp seeds because of the history of its legal status, and the confusion around that. Taking diuretics and hemp together may result in dangerously low potassium levels. Strain the mixture in a sieve and dispose of the solid matter. Keep these products in a cool, dark place. The Food Revolution Network team has moved all of our products onto one platform. In the United States and many other nations, marijuana is still a federally-controlled substance, though many states are loosening restrictions on its possession and use. Another question is whether hemp farmers should be growing for cannabinoids in the first place. Now that hemp is legal to grow again, hopefully more health researchers will dive in to tell us more about the benefits of the wonderful, versatile hemp seed. Hemp 101: What Is Hemp, Whats It Used for, and Why Is It Illegal? Hemp seeds stored this way could contain unhealthy trans fats, a type of fat especially linked to heart disease. In support of our educational mission, we sometimes share resources offered by trusted partners. Vitamin B6 0%. Store hemp seeds and hemp oil in an airtight container. Unopened, you can store them in the pantry. 2020;12(7):1935. doi:10.3390/nu12071935, Girgih AT, Alashi A, He R, Malomo S, Aluko RE. Before the drug test, you may even be told not to eat anything having poppy seeds. They can add the same creaminess to smoothies while giving them a nutritional boost. 7 Healthy Dinner Recipes for Two Ready in Under 1 Hour! Here are some of the factors that influence the amount of time CBD remains in your body: Metabolism. A positive drug test result may be due to the composition or quality. People still use it as a remedy for many illnesses, though, including: Hemp contains chemicals that may affect the heart and might help reduce blood pressure. Because hemp may interact with some drugs and cause certain side effects, it is a good idea to consult your doctor before adding hemp seeds to your diet. You can log in with the same email you used for older (pre-2018) products at the link above. But the truth is, hemp unlike its close cousin, marijuana cant get you high. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties: fatty acid profiles and upgrading of -linolenic acidcontaining hemp seed oils. Hemp is now legal in the U.S., so what does that mean for pot companies? By leaving the Send me text message reminders and updates box unchecked you will not be opted in for SMS messages at this time. In most cases, growers are required to destroy the entire crop. Sprinkle nuts or seeds into salads, sauces, vegetables, or whole grains such as brown rice or quinoa. Message and data rates may apply. According to Steenstra, As people were trying to produce more cannabinoids, more CBD, they were pushing up against the edge of the limit of the THC level.. Hemp Seed Shelf Life: How Long Do Hemp Seeds Last? The vitamins and fatty acids in . They blend well into smoothies or on top of smoothie bowls. Your Guide to Food and Beverage Shelf Life. Hemp seeds contain a lot of fat, but fear not: it's the good kind! Unopened, you can store them in the pantry. Krist S. Hempseed oil. Nuts and seeds are rich in fiber, which is important for gut health and keeping you regular. Refrigerating them will prolong their shelf life and prevent them from becoming foul-smelling. Pour this dressing on salads, use it in grain bowls, include it in a lettuce wrap, or add it to a sandwich. This will ensure no moisture, sunlight or heat can spoil them. How long does hemp stay in your system? Many Hemp products contain traces of THC. Hemp is a mild, highly versatile food that takes on a number of flavors. Consult the manufacturer if you have questions. + 7 Smoothie Bowl Recipes to Energize Your Day, The Best and Worst Summer Foods + 5 Healthy Picnic Recipes to Enjoy. Have a handful of nuts or seeds for a snack. They also contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. When it starts, how long does it stay in your system? How Long Does Hemp Stay In Your System? The cannabis bought in dispensaries that gets you high typically has a THC level above 16%, so under 0.3% is a tiny amount that wont get you high. Advocates also cited environmental worries. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Hemp seeds can be eaten raw, roasted, or cooked with other foods. The body gets amino acids from food, typically from animal products like meat, milk, and eggs. Vonapartis E, Aubin M, Seguin P, Mustafa AF, Charron J. Laws banning the use of cannabis at work vary from state to state. Blood tests center around late use. One option is to toast them over dry heat. Stirring the seeds will cause the shell to separate and float at the top. To help your hemp seeds stay fresh for as long as possible, make sure you store them properly. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Hemp oil is not the same as CBD oil. From $9.99 - $144.99. Its also a natural substitute for cotton and wood fiber, both of which take a heavy toll on the environment. In addition to metabolism, age, sex, and diet program, many other factors affect the digestion of cannabis in the body. However, when it comes to hemp seeds, you dont have to worry. Hemp seeds are the seeds of the hemp ( Cannabis sativa) plant. listeners: [], According to the FDA, some hemp products are safe for food, including: Can eating hemp cause a person to fail a drug test? Because all seeds are high in fat, they also contain many calories. Based on existing research, CBD may stay in your system anywhere from 24 hours to a few weeks. We use cookies for certain features and to improve your experience. Some studies found that hemp seed oil may improve dry, itchy skin and help symptoms of eczema, a common skin condition. If cooking with hemp oil, use low heat. There is also not enough research to show it is safe to use topically on the skin. In fact, hemp seeds are over 30% fat, including essential fatty acids. Lastly, hemp may naturally contain compounds that slow the heartbeat, which could interfere with medications used to treat irregular heart rhythm, like digoxin and other cardiac glycosides. That means theres no point in using chemical pesticides on most hemp crops. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. This article discusses some of the health benefits of hemp, its uses, and its potential side effects. Some cannabis oils have the same amount of THC as some cannabis flowers. Unlike other plant proteins, hemp protein is easily digested. Hemp seeds can be stored in a cool, dark place for about a year. Palliative care frightens some people: Heres how it helps, Parents don't always realize that their teen is suicidal. With four tablespoons of cannabis seeds in your breakfast, you can quickly suppress your hunger for the whole day. Lets See if It Can Save the World, We tried the CBD hemp flowers you can buy online. It is not derived from the Cannabis plant itself. Seeds have mostly healthy fats, some fiber, and about 150 calories per ounce. There werent a lot available, said Steenstra, adding, People had bred different things together trying to come up with plants that would produce an optimal mix of compounds that would still be compliant., Unfortunately, it takes time to develop stable genetics. How Long Does CBD Stay in Your System? - EDM Chicago It is also essential to pay attention to when, where, and what you eat. What is the difference between Hemp and marijuana? Hemp seeds contain a 3-to-1 ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids. Hemp is abundant in your system, as with other substances. The dopest content, straight to your inbox. If you're over 50, the Institute of Medicine recommends 21 grams per day for women and 30 grams per day for men. If they didnt come in a resealable container, transfer them to an airtight glass container to extend shelf life. It is made by cold-pressing hemp seeds. Yes, hemp seeds are legal in the United States. A 2016 study found that GLA has strong anti-inflammatory properties. But theyre all good for health. Information provided on the site is for educational purposes only, and does not substitute for professional medical advice. In just a handful of nuts, which is about an ounce or a quarter of a cup, you get a lot of bang for the buck. Start with 1 teaspoon and work up to more as tolerated. Whole hemp seeds contain about 25% protein. Do you think the THC limit should be raised to 1%? Even if it exceeds the federal programs standard, it is never enough. THC is the psychoactive part of the cannabis plant. At first, it seemed to be working out fine. Hemp seed oil has been useful in treating eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne rosacea, as well as cradle cap in babies. Yes, hemp seed oil can help your psoriasis. Hemp is resistant to drought and damage from UV rays, as well as most pests. Both hemp protein powder and hemp seeds are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Hemp has significantly lower THC levels and doesnt have the same psychoactive effect that marijuana does. It also determines how often you use hemp and how long it stays in your system. Stay on top of latest health news from Harvard Medical School. Can electrical brain stimulation boost attention, memory, and more? See our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy to learn more. Hemp can also decrease potassium. } Magnesium 0%. There is not enough clinical research data to back up claims that hemp is a safe or effective treatment for any condition. About 25% of each hemp seed is protein, and the seeds are quite low in fat. Hemp Protein Powder Fats Will Keep Your Heart Healthy. Serious RELIEF Hydrating Hemp Body Butter. SMS opt-in is not a requirement for purchasing any property, goods, or services. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA. Hemp oil is often used as a hair conditioner or a skin moisturizer. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The nutritional yeast gives it a cheesy taste, the miso lends an umami flavor, and hemp offers a sweet, nutty essence. If you purchase products from one of these partners, FRN may at times receive a portion of the proceeds. See our Privacy Policy and Terms for more info. Hemp seeds will not let you fail drug tests, so you can eat them with confidence. And a fully mature hemp plant may contain half of its dry weight in seed, which is an impressively high yield. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. * Statements made on this website have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp under certain restrictions, like not having a delta-9 THC concentration of over 0.3% on a dry weight basis. Emily has a doctorate in philosophy of science from UC Davis. In other words, you wont get high from consuming hemp or using hemp products. Studies have shown that gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) reduces inflammation in hemp seed oil. You can also blend the powder into yogurt or smoothie bowls. for an extended period, then keep them in a plastic bag and place in the freezer. If you are recovering from cannabis addiction or just want to avoid exposure to THC in any amount, avoid eating whole hemp seeds. Documents show that hemp was an important source of protein, fiber, and medicine in the Mediterranean, Egypt, and Morocco many centuries B.C.