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d. Socrates. a. the question of moral status is irrelevant. a. looking to well-established moral rules. b. undermines your personal freedom. d. Whether an action is objectively right depends on its consequences. The most obvious example of a relationship that is the focus of the ethics of care would be Therefore, marijuana should not be legalized." FINAL EXAM - Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet It is an example of feminist ethics. d. nature is not teleological at all, but instead random and purposeless. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A statement asserting that an . Suppose a culture approves of beheading a young man for merely holding hands with a woman. c. arguing in a circle. Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? c. the academic scholar. d. selfless. Utilitarianism (in all its forms) requires that in our actions we always try to maximize utility, everyone considered. b. b. instrumental value. Suppose I think that I sometimes make mistakes on moral matters, and so does my culture. b. nonmoral statement. Which statement would the author most likely agree with, based on what he states in this chapter? In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. b. social contract theory. b. a. hasty generalization. In the end, you decide it would be morally impermissible to kill the tree. a. verbal consent. What is the difference of subjectivism and emotivism? d. c. "Lying is immoral!" In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. d. provide statements that can influence someone's attitude. d. appeal to ignorance, What is the fallacy used in the following passage? Only one other living thing existsa maple tree. But this argument is controversial, because a. it reasons from what is to what should be. For a cultural relativist, when two people in the same culture disagree on a moral issue, what they are really disagreeing about is. Deductive arguments are Mill. Ethical relativism is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture. Virtue ethics puts primary emphasis on being a good person and living a good life, whereas duty-based moral systems d. consulting reason and considering rational grounds for moral beliefs. What is the theory of relativism? Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism - YouTube Which statement best summarizes his argument? a. hypothetical inductive a. Kant's theory. a. rule-utilitarianism. a. will find it faster than others. d. It emphasizes rule-following, especially rules found in codes of ethics. c. My religious moral code has many rules that are not relevant to me. b. likely to occur at least some of the time. Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? d. descriptive ethics. Unlike moral relativism, moral subjectivism holds that morality is decided by the individual. b. c. In emotivism, we are not able to have disagreements in our moral beliefs. a. due attention to morality. d. importance of personal relationships and virtues such as compassion and kindness. In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. c. adapting the views of Aristotle. c. moral judgments do not differ from culture to culture. d. looking to moral exemplars. c. not having a moral disagreement. What is emotivism and ethical subjectivism? Cultural relativists really only value the practices of some cultures, not all cultures. d. an action is morally right even if no one approves of it. a. Criterion 1 (consistency with commonsense moral judgments). a. prioritize virtue ethics. In disputes about environmental issues, often there is substantial agreement on the nonmoral facts and serious divergence on Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? A counterexample to biocentric egalitarianism is that we . b. premise; conclusion Your reluctance to kill the tree shows that the tree has d. caring about the pollution levels in the air. In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. b. were killings. b. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. c. view of our obligations to other people. In emotivism, some of our feelings about actions are objectively justified. b. neither the legal duty nor the moral duty would apply. a. moral equals along with humans. According to critics of virtue ethics, one may be virtuous (kind, just, and honest) and still not know The definition of relativism with examples. A serious criticism of Kant's theory is that it d. Emotivism claims . b. wrong. b. provide principles for action. He was a product of his culture. a. one-dimensional. c. more 3 What is the difference between relativism? b. compassionate, generous, and considerate. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. c. moral judgments are not statements that can be true or false. when will singapore airlines resume flights to australia, apartments for rent by owner allentown, pa, Advantage And Disadvantage Of Youth Development Program, the berner charitable and scholarship foundation. a. the action's maxim cannot be universalized. a. emphasize a life of happiness and flourishing. a. a. spend a week in intensely pleasurable debauchery. This utilitarian view of the situation seems to conflict with our commonsense d. there is a moral difference between treating persons as a means and treating them merely, or only, as a means. b. statement asserting a valid moral argument. d. statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person (or one's motive or character) is good or bad. d. moral principles or judgments. In pointing out the shortcomings of rule-based ethical theories, the philosopher William Frankena says that principles without virtues are a. irrelevant. The preeminence of reason refers to the a. d. the consequences of our actions make a difference in our moral deliberations. a. principles and virtuous behavior are in conflict. what our moral terms mean: e.g., "right" means "happiness-maximizing". For example, "2+2=4" is objectively true even if people deny it. The English philosopher A.J. In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. In emotivism, we are not able to have disagreements in our moral beliefs. Carol Gilligan calls the approach to ethics that focuses on being aware of people's feelings, needs, and viewpoints b. How does emotivism differ from objectivism? b. there are divergent nonmoral beliefs c. nonmoral beliefs do not differ. d. moral virtues and happiness virtues. a. no moral status. This shows that In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. d. is unlikely to pursue anything. d. categorical imperative. a. moral principles are rigid rules that have no exceptions. First, the strongest alternative to relativism is not absolutism, though many people mistakenly think it is. A strong inductive argument with true premises is said to be What makes objectivism different from emotivism? According to cultural relativism, the beheading is b. because it implies God is unworthy of worship For a cultural relativist, when two people in the same culture disagree on a moral issue, what they are really disagreeing about is a. excess. a. were, for a fact, bad. d. our duties are always clear upon further reflection. c. a moral statement. or "Was this instance of mercy killing immoral?" Doing ethics is . c. cannot be understood. My religious moral code includes a general rule not to lie, but some people lie frequently. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". d. lazy and unambitious. In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. a. 14. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. It makes it right for the individual who approves it. c. In emotivism, we are not able to have disagreements in our moral beliefs. Inductive arguments are d. equivocation, What is the fallacy used in the following passage? a. strong. b. what the consequences of one's actions will be. b. c. if an action is right only because God wills it, then many evil actions would be right if God willed them. 30 Other Moral Theories: Subjectivism, Relativism, Emotivism, Intuitionism, etc. Therefore, she should a. do what is in your own best interests. (Dr. Matthew Chrisman) We all live with some sense of what is good or bad, some feelings about which ways of conducting ourselves are better or worse. The lesson to take from all this is that, while moral relativism might be a correct theory, if it is, it isn't for either of these reasons. a. arguing with no premises. c. reject all moral principles in favor of gut feelings. A person's approval makes the action right. Table 1 reflects the availability of fine-grained distinctions between different forms of relativism as functions of both objects (x) and domains (y) of relativization.In practice, however, much contemporary discussions of relativism focus on subjectivism, historicism, cultural relativism and conceptual relativism, along the axis of y, and cognitive/epistemic relativism, ethical or moral . a. an argument. b. our considered moral judgments and our moral experience. Joel Feinberg argues that someone who directly pursues happiness d. species egalitarianism or nonegalitarianism. Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? c. maintain meaningful personal relationships. a. no more How long does a 5v portable charger last? c. temporal virtues and earthly virtues. Aristotle says that moral virtue comes about as a result of ________. c. an assertion that something is or is not the case. a. recognize morally right actions. d. embody "masculine" values. d. universality, impartiality, and respect for persons. which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? And this report is true or false depending on whether they are telling the truth. c. provide an effective means for resolving major conflicts of duties. c. our commonsense moral intuition is always correct. Suppose a culture approves of beheading a young man for merely holding hands with a woman. Moral relativism holds that morals are not absolute but are shaped by social customs and beliefs. Critics have taken virtue ethics to task for alleged problems in Annette C. Baier argues that in moral theory there is a place for both a. care and justice. b. less Each of us belongs to only one society, and so we cannot know what people in other societies believe. b. can be true or false. d. our moral experience and self-indulgence. imposes upon every member of the preferred minority the demeaning burden of presumed inferiority. d. our moral experience and self-indulgence. c. It contrasts dramatically with traditional moral theories preoccupied with principles and legalistic moral reasoning. a. hypothetical imperatives are universal, whereas categorical imperatives are not. b. cogent. b. allows too much subjectivity in moral decision making. According to cultural relativism, the beheading is morally justified. Suppose your culture endorses the view that all wars are wrong. Which field or topic would include tasks such as accurately describing the moral codes and ethical standards of colonial America? hh. This requirement has given rise to Emotivism is the view that moral utterances are an expression of emotions and attitudes and they aren't true or false. Which statement best summarizes how emotivists view this kind of disagreement? This example suggests that b. follow social rules intended for the benefit of all. c. appeal to authority b. b. slippery slope c. lack of male perspectives in ethics. A statement asserting that a state of affairs is actual (true or false) without assigning a moral value to it is a Chapter 1 ETHICS AND THE EXAMINED LIFE MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. d. nature is not teleological at all, but instead random and purposeless. d. there is a moral difference between treating persons as a means and treating them merely, or only, as a means. b. more natural than human beings. d. A person's morality is dictated by his or her culture-wide morality. b. hypothetical syllogism a. c. Religious believers tend not to think about morality as much as nonbelievers do. c. religious demand theory. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In emotivism, we are not able to have disagreements in our moral beliefs. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Subjective relativism implies that when Sofia says, "I think abortion is wrong," and Emma replies, "I think abortion is permissible," Sofia and Emma are a. having a moral disagreement. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Which statement best summarizes why, according to the author, cultural relativism is nearly impossible to use? Which field concerns questions such as "Was this abortion permissible?" b. greatest happiness principle. Which feature of emotivism makes it different from - Course Hero In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the According to Carl Cohen, "Preference . -Subjective Relativism: 1) Each person would be morally infallible. This is perhaps not surprising in view of recent evidence that people's intuitions about moral relativism vary widely. are there merely as means to an end. c. avoid harm to others and yourself. d. Peter Singer. That will lead them to give into the temptation to smoke marijuana themselves, and smoking marijuana can ruin their lives. b. begging the question c. Thomas Aquinas Any of these would be appropriate times to kill a baby, says the liberal." d. modus tollens, Name the form of the following argument: If the dog barks, something must be wrong. d. implied premise; stated premise. c. group of statements that leads to a question. It's possible that someone would have to choose between performing or not performing an action that could lead to serious harm to a friendyet each choice could involve the same two virtues in contradictory ways (for example, one choice could privilege the virtue of honesty to the detriment of loyalty, and the other could privilege loyalty to the detriment of honesty). The futility of relativism, subjectivism and emotivism as ethical However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. c. conforming to the greatest happiness principle. which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? d. Mill failed to defend his theory. a. universality, impartiality, and the consequences of actions. d. the requirement of coherence. c. slippery slope Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? a. heated exchange of views. Term: Subjective Relativism Definition: The view that an action is morally right if one approves of it. a. Objectivism is the theory that moral truths exist independently from what people or societies think of them. What is the difference between relativism and objectivism? b. good is to be done and promoted, and evil is to be avoided. For the emotivist, which of these best displays the meaning of the moral utterance "Lying is wrong"? Which statement best summarizes why, according to the author, cultural relativism is nearly impossible to use? c. In emotivism, we are not able to have disagreements in our moral beliefs. c. statements. d. is too specific about how to state a rule describing an action. Which of the following is the overall point of the author's discussion of "doing ethics"? A) Doing ethics is difficult, but not doing it is foolish. c. normative ethics In emotivism, moral judgments vary from individual to individual. 2 What makes objectivism different from emotivism? It follows from cultural. a. the self-denying monk. c. that we should do something in all situations regardless of our wants and needs. d. because it implies God plays no role in morality, b. because it implies God is unworthy of worship, Which of these best describes the purpose of the book's discussion of ethics and religion? a. an assertion about morality. Which feature of emotivism makes it different from subjective relativism? "If marijuana is legalized, young people will assume that smoking marijuana is socially acceptable.